Genetics -> PGS

Preimplantation Genetic Screening

What is a PGS?

PGS meaning Preimplantation Genetic Screening is a way to evaluate chromosome number of embryos. Its object is to discover embryos with regular (normal) chromosome supplement for the transfer of embryo and to exclude the transfer of embryos having abnormal number of chromosome in a set of haploid. Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), also known as PGT-M, is specifically performed to determine if any particular hereditary disorder is present. It may be a disorder of particular gene or inborn errors of metabolism, etc.

Advantages of PGS

Through PGS, viable embryos can be screened prior to implantation. this assisted reproductive technique is evolving rapidly. There are numerous advantages of PGS test which are mentioned below:

PGS improves IVF success rates

PGS is a relatively new technique used to test embryos for chromosomal abnormalities. It involves testing the chromosomes of each embryo before it is transferred into the uterus. This process can improve the success rate of in vitro fertilization Best IVF Center in Pakistan and reduce the risk of miscarriage In IVF, eggs are removed from the ovaries, fertilised in a laboratory and then implanted back into the uterus. The fertilised egg is tested for chromosomal abnormalities before it is transferred. The goal of PGS is to identify abnormal embryos that are unlikely to survive or thrive in the womb. Embryos with aneuploidy (chromosome abnormalities) have a higher risk of miscarriage and birth defects than normal embryos. PGS has been available for more than 10 years, but its use has increased dramatically in recent years as more clinics adopt this technology and as couples seek ways to improve their chances of having a successful pregnancy and healthy baby.

Male

Endometriosis
Ovulation disorders
Premature ovarian failure
Uterine fibroids
Blockage of cervix
Damaged fallopian tube
Age & Life Style

Female

Endometriosis
Ovulation disorders
Premature ovarian failure
Uterine fibroids
Blockage of cervix
Damaged fallopian tube
Age & Life Style

Who needs IVF

IVF offered as an infertility treatment for couples with age 35 or above age couple. It is used to treat many causes of infertility: Older women damage or blockage of the pelvic arteries (which may result from pelvic inflammatory disease or past surgery)

How Successful is IVF?

The Society for Reproductive Technologies (SART) says the birth rate via in vitro fertilization for women under 35 approx 55.7%. The birth rate in the first embryo transfer approx 41.3%. Birth rate in second embryo transfer is around approx 47.1%.

Successful Pregnancy Rates in Pakistan

As per World Bank census of , the fertility rate in Pakistan is 3.45 per woman. The current fertility rate of Pakistan is 3.300 per woman containing approximate 1.87% decline from 2022 (United Nations – World Population Prospects). The fertility rate in Pakistan is gradually decreasing. The world average successful pregnancy rate through IVF is over 40%. Chances of successful pregnancy increase by 44% to 53% in IVF. PGS analyses cells obtain through biopsy from embryos to screen them for potential genetic abnormalities in the absence of known potential hereditary disorders. Whereas in PGD the same process is applied to detect certain hereditary disorders that are likely to be passed on from the parent to the offspring.

Age and Success Rates

Age is an essential factor that impacts the success of an IVF treatment. With the increase in age, the probability of IVF success decreases. The success rate of IVF resulting in live birth is 31% in women under the age of 35, 24% in women 35-37, and only 16% in women who are 38-40.

Lifestyle and Health

A balanced lifestyle and healthy diet provide the human body with adequate vitamins, nutrients, and minerals that are necessary for the production of healthy sperm and eggs, which ultimately increases the chances of IVF success.

Previous Treatments

Previous fertility treatment can impact your IVF success rate. For instance, if you were unsuccessful in achieving pregnancy in the first cycle of IVF, your chances of pregnancy may increase in subsequent embryo transfer.

Balancing Risks and Rewards

IVF is a safe procedure, but there are some potential IVF risks and complications, such as; IVF risks and complications are negligible, and they fade with time

Frequently Asked Questions

What types of chromosomal abnormalities does PGS detect?

PGS can detect aneuploidies (abnormal numbers of chromosomes), such as Down syndrome (trisomy 21), Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), Patau syndrome (trisomy 13), and other chromosomal abnormalities.

Is PGS the same as PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis)?

PGS and PGD are related but different procedures. PGS primarily screens for chromosomal abnormalities, while PGD focuses on detecting specific genetic conditions or mutations carried by the parents.

Does PGS guarantee a successful pregnancy?

PGS improves the chances of selecting chromosomally normal embryos, but it doesn’t guarantee a successful pregnancy. Other factors can influence the success of IVF, including embryo quality and the mother’s reproductive health.